PV systems can look fine while carrying hidden module damage, electrical faults, safety risks, or performance losses.

Start with the issue you need to solve.

What problem are you trying to solve?

Different problems require different evidence. The right inspection plan may combine visual inspection, EL testing, thermography, and electrical measurements to confirm what is happening at module, string, or system level.

What inspection methods can help identify
Site issue or defect EL testing Thermography (IR) Inverse IR UV-F Visual inspection Electrical testing
Failed modules or strings × ×
Lost substring × ×
Lost bypass diode 1 1 1 × ×
Cell cracks or cell breakage × 2 × ×
Cell soldering issues 2 × ×
Finger faults × × × × ×
Insulation issues × × × ×
PID × ×
LeTID × × × × ×
UVID × × × × ×
Broken glass × × × × ×
Shading or soiling × × × ×
Moisture ingress × × × ×
Legend: ✓ = commonly used to identify or confirm    ◐ = may help, depending on conditions and inspection setup    × = not typically used for this issue
Notes: 1 = requires polarity switch    2 = only for modules with polymeric backsheets

Field inspection methods

Latest Field Inspection Insights

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